> [!Prompt] > To what extent do you agree that doubt is central to the pursuit of knowledge? Answer with reference to **two** areas of knowledge. ## 1. 主流观点 (doubt is central) Doubt is generally regarded as essential in western / rationaist paradigm quick example = popper's falsification theorem {this section should be quick and short} ## 2. 反驳 (doubt is important but not central -- believing is equally important) However, 有意义的怀疑本身需要建立在某种未被怀疑的知识基础上。 数学进步常源于"敢于不怀疑" 19世纪数学家创造非欧几何时，关键不是怀疑第五公设的"真实性"，而是**暂停对"唯一性"的执念**。他们需要的是**想象的勇气**——敢于说"让我们假装这可能成立，看会发生什么"。这是**建设性的天真**，而非批判性怀疑。 Logic is undoubtable (the foundational framework), building with certianty with logic, no room for doubt ## 3. Alternative (doubt might not important at all) --> 我们说"怀疑是中心"时，是否在使**后启蒙欧洲认识论**普遍化？ --> 别的产生知识的方法可能根本性不同, alternatives way to pursue knowledge context-based / participatory / pattern-based ## 4. Synthesis dynamic balance between doubting / questioning vs believing / building 从零到一的创新 vs 从一到多的创新 Doubt is central but 有意义的怀疑总是寄生于更深层的确信。